????

Mars
	Mars in natural color in 2007
??????????
?????	UK English: /mɑ?z/ ; US English: /?mɑrz/ ( ?????)
??????	Martian
???? ?????????
	Epoch J2000
Aphelion	????????? km; (????????? mi; ????? AU)
Perihelion	????????? km; (????????? mi; ????? AU)
Semi-major axis	????????? km; (????????? mi; ???????? AU)
?????? ??????	0.0934
???? ?????	??????? d; (??????? yr; 668.5991 sols)
Synodic period	?????? d; (?????? yr)
???????? ?????????; ???????	?????? km/s; (????? km/h; ????? mph)
??????	1.850° to ecliptic;; 5.65° the ????'s ????? ???;; 1.67° to invariable plane;
????? ?????; ?????????	49.558°
???????? ????????	286.502°
????????	???? ??????
?????? ????????
????? ?????	?????? ± ??? km?; (?????? ± ??? mi)
Equatorial radius	?????? ± ??? km?; (?????? ± ??? mi; 0.533 Earths)
Polar radius	?????? ± ??? km?; (?????? ± ??? mi; 0.531 Earths)
Flattening	0.00589±0.00015
????? ????	????????? km2; (???????? sq mi; 0.284 Earths)
????	1.6318×1011 km3; (0.151 Earths)
???	6.4171×1023 kg; (0.107 Earths)
????? ???????	?????? g/cm3; (?????? lb/cu in)
??? ???????	????? m/s2; (????? ft/s2; 0.376 g)
???; ?????? ???????	0.3662±0.0017
Escape velocity	????? km/s; (????? km/h; ????? mph)
??????; ???????? ?????	1.025957 d; 24h 37m 22s
???????? ????????; ??????	?????? m/s; (?????? km/h; ?????? mph)
Axial tilt	25.19° to its orbital plane
North pole right ascension	317.68143°; 21h 10m 44s
North pole declination	52.88650°
?????	0.170 geometric; 0.25 Bond;
????????? ????	+1.6 to ?3.0
?????? ???????	3.5–25.1″
Atmosphere
??? ??????	0.636 (0.4–0.87) kPa; ??????? atm
??? ??????	95.97% ????? ????????; 1.93% argon; 1.89% ???????; 0.146% ???????; 0.0557% ????? ????????;

百度　　3月8日，习近平参加山东代表团审议时强调，要充分尊重广大农民意愿，调动广大农民积极性、主动性、创造性，把广大农民对美好生活的向往化为推动乡村振兴的动力，把维护广大农民根本利益、促进广大农民共同富裕作为出发点和落脚点。

???? ?? ???? (?????: ) ???????? ????? ???? ?????????. ????? ????? ?????????(????)? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????. ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? (??? ????) ????? ? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????.

?????????????? ???????? ????? ? ???? ???? ???????? ????? (??? ???? ?????? ????????). ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????.

???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ? ?? ????? ? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??? ??? ?????. ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????.???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????.?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???.???? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????.??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ? ???????.????? ,??????? ???????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????.????? ? ???? ? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????.?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????.?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????.

?????? ??????????

?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??%-i ? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??%- ??????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? /> ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????. ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? (?%-?? ?? ?????????). ???? ???????? ???????-??????? ??????????? ???? ????(III) ??????? ? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???????. ? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????-??????? ? ??????????? ????????.

?????? ????????

??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ± ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ??–??% ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???????????. ??????? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????. ???????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ??????. ????-?? ??? ????? ?????????????? ?nsight ???? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ???????.

??? ??????? ??

???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????. ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ?? ?? ????? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????. ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ????????????. ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????(III) ??????? ???? ???? ?????????????.

?????? ???????(??????)?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????. ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????. ????-?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????-?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????.

???? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????(???????) ?????? ??????????? ????????????. ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???. ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? (?????? ??????? ? ??????) ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????.

???????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ??%-i ?? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????????????? ?????×???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???. ???? ???? ???? ?????-????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???? ????????? ? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??%-i ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????.

?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ????????????:

??? ????? (????? ??? ??????????? ????): ?.? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?.? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????????. ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????????????? - ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????????.
??????? ???? (????? ?????? ??????????? ????): ?.? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?.?–?.? ??????? ??? ????? ???. ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????????? ????????????? ???? ???? ????????.
????????? ???? (????? ???????? ??????????? ????): ?.?–?.? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???. ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????. ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????.

??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ? ?? ?? ???-??????? ?????????????? (???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????) ???????. ?? ?????? ????-?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????.

????????

?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????.

??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???-??? ?????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????. ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ? ?????????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ? ?? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ????? ???.

???????????

???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? (?????????? ??? ???? ????) ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? (????? ????-?? ???) ? ?????? ?? ???????????? (??????? ????-?? ???) ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????-?? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????.

??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? (???? ????????? ???????? ???????) ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ???????????? ?????????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????. ?? ????? ??????????? ???? - ??'???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????????????? ? ?? ??????? ??? ? ? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????????. ?? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???????????. ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ???????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????. ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????????.

????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???. ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??° ????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? (????? ????????? ???? ??????) ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ????????. ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????????? ? ????? ????????? ???-??????? ?? ????????.

??????? ? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????????? ???? ???????? ? ?? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????. ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????.

*Yellowknife ???* ????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ? ???????? "????" ??????????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? – ????? ????? (???? ????).

?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????????????. ???? ?? ????????? ? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????.-?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????. ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????-?? ????? ?????? ???? ????-??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????. ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? (????????????? ???-?????? ????? ???????? ??????) ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ?? ???????? (??? ?????? ?? ????? ??-??? ????? ) ? ?? ????? ????? ???-???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????. ?? ???? ????-?? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????? "???????" ?????????? ? "?????? ??????" ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????????? ? "?????" ??? ??? "Wernicke" ??? ???? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????.

?? ??????? ????-?? ????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????

???? ?????????

?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???. ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ? ????????? ??–??%-?? ??_? ???? ????????? ??????? (???? ???) ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????.?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??_? ??????????? ????? (???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????). ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????. ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????. ????-?? ????? ??-??? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????.

?? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????????. ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???. ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??_? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????. ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ?.? ?????? km^? ??? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ??????. (????? ???? ???????????? ??? ???? ?.?? ?????? km^? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????.) ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ? ? ??????? ???????????????. ???? ???? ?????????????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?.? ?????? km^? ???? ????????????. ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???. ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????. ????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????. ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??_?-?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????. ?? ???????? ??? ? ?? ????? ???????? ??_? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ??? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????. ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? (????????? ??????? ????) ??????. ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????????.

?????????? ? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????

?????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ???? "??????????" ??????. ??????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????. ????-?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????. ?? ? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? "?" ????.

??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????????. ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????????. ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????????. ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ???? ????????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? "????" ? "??????" ?????? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????????.

????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???-??? ????????. ?????? ??? ?????????? (????????? ???????) ????????? ???? (??????? ????) ??????. ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???? "?????????" ???????? ???? ??????????? ? ?????? ???? (???????? ????????) ? ?? ???????? ???????? (?????? ???????) ???? ????? ????????. ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????????.

?????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????????. ????? ?^???-?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ? ?? ????-?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???????. ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????-?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? (?????? ????-? ?????????????) ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?^??? ???????? ???????.

?????? ???????????? ??????????????? (???? ???????? ?? ???????) ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????. ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???.? ?? (?.??? ????) ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?.?%-??? (?.??? ???).???-??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????(?????) ????????????? ???? ???????.

?????????????? ????????

???? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????.

????? ????????????

?????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????. ????-?? ??? ??????????? ????-?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????????. ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????-????? ?????????? ????????.

???? ???????? ????????? ??????? 3°20′N 219°23′E? / ?3.34°N 219.38°E - ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ? ????-?? ??? (???? ??????? ????????).

?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???: ??????? ? ??????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.????????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????????. ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????. ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????(????)?????????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????. ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????.

???????????

?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????. ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ???. ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?.? ??????? ?? ?????????. ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????.

??????? ?????

????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ? ? ??????? ? ??? ??????????????. ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????. ???? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????. ????-?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????.

?????????

????-??? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ????????? ???????? ??????? "???? ????" ????????????. ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????????. ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????. "???" ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ??? ???????? ????????. ?? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????.

????????

???? ? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??-??? (?.??? ???) ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ??-??? ????? (?.??? ???) ??????. ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????.???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????? (???.? ???) ?.?%-???. ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??.? ?????????? ? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????. (? ??????? ) ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??%-???. ?? ??? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ??% ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????????????.

?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??% ????? ???????? ?.??% ????? ??? ?.??% ???????? ????? ?????????????.

???? ???? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???????????. ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????????. ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?.? ??????? ???????? ?????????????. ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???: ?????????? ??°?? ???°? ????????????? ?????????? ?°?? ???°? ???????????? ????????.?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? (?????) ?????? ???????????.

?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ? ??????? ?.? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????. ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???. ???? ??? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????-??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? (?????) ?????? ????.

?? ?????? 2014-?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? "???? ??? ?????" ????? ????. (???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????????) "?? ?? ??????? ?? ????" ?????? ?????? ????????? ????-?? ????? ??????????? ? ????-?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????. ?????????? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????.

??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????. ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????. ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????.

???????

??? ? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?????????. ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????°??-??. ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?.?? ???? ???????? ? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??% ???? ??????????.

??? ?????? ??????? ??(????) ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????. ???? ??????? ??(????)???? ??????? ????? ????????????(???? ?? ????)???? ???????? ??????? ???. ???? ??????????????? ??? ? ????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ??? ? ????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????. ????? ????????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????????? ???? ???? ???????????. ??????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????????????? ?? ? (??°??? ??°?) ???? ???? ?????????.

???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????????. ?? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????. ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????.

??????? ??(????) ? ??????????

???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????????. ????????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????. (??????? ????? ???????) ????? ??????? ??(????) ????????.

?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????. ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????????: ?? ????? ?? ????? ? ??.??? ?????. ???? ???? ?.???? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ? ??.? ????.

???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??.?? ???????? ? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????. ???-??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????. ???? ?????? ????-?? ????? ???????? ? ?????????????-?? ????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ????? ????-?? ????? ?????? ?? ? ?????? ??????? ????-?? ????? ?????? ?? ???

?????? ????????? ????????????(???? ?? ????) ??????? ?.??-???? ???? ????????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????????(???? ?? ????) ???. ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??(????) ??? ????. ??? ????? ?.?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????????(???? ?? ????) ????? ???-??????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??.??. ?????? ???????????(???? ?? ????) ????? ????? ??? ????????. (????? ???????? ?????? ??????) ?????? ????? ?.? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????????(???? ?? ????) ????? ??? ? ?? ???????????(???? ?? ????) ???????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??(????) ????? ???????? ????? ????(?????) ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??????. ??? ? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????

???? ????????

???????? ???-??????? ??????? ????? ???????????? - ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????. ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??(????) ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????. ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????. ???? ???? ???????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ?????????.

???????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????: ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???. (??? ?????? ??????????? ?????) ????? ???? ??????? ? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????.

??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????. ??-?? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???. ????? ????????? ???? ? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ??? ????? (????????) ???? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??-? ??? ? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ????????. ??????? ????????????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???. ???? ??????? ????????-?? ??????? ????????? ?.? ????? ???_?^?? ????????? ?.? ????? ???_?^?? ????????? ?? ????? ??_?^? ????? ?????. ???_?^? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ? ???_?^? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? (?????) ???????? ???_?^? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ????. ???????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ? ?? ????? ????????? ??????????? ? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????. ?????? ????? ?????? WCL-?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ??(???_?)_? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??(???_?)_? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????_? ???? ????????? ????. ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ?? ?????????? ???????.

?????? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ??? ?????-?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????. ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????????. ????????? ????? ????-???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????.

?????????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???????. ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ( ??????????? ????) ??????? ??????????? ????.

?????????? ????? ?????????

????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????.??????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ??? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ? ???????-??????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ????-?? ????? ?????????? ?????-?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????.

?????? ??????????

????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??(????)???? ???????????? ? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? (??? ???????? ? ???? ????) ????: ???? ???? ????????. ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ? ????? ????.

????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? (????????? ???? ??????? ? ????) ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????. ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????.

???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????-?? ????? ??????? ? ? ????? ????-?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ? ???????? ????. ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ??-?? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????-?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? (???) ???? ???????(????)??? ?????. ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ? ??????????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ????-?? ????? ???????????. ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????(?????) ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????.

????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??-?? ??? ??????? ? ??-?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????????. ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????-?? ????? ??? ????.

??????? ?????

??????? ????????????? ???? ????????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? [[?????]] ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ????????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????????.

??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ???? ??????????. ????? ???? ? ???? ????????? ???????? (????????) ?? ??????? ????-?? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? "?????????" ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????????

??

???????????

?????? ??????? ??(????) ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??.?-?? ??.?-? ??? ????? ????. ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? +?.?-???. ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ?? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????. ????-??? ???????? ????? ????-??? ??????? ? ????-??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????-???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ?? ??????? ????????? - ?? ? ?? ?? ?????? ????????????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ???????????? (?????????) ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????????.

???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????.

?? ????? ??????????

?????

?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ???°????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ????????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ??? ????? ??? ?????????. ???????? ???????? ???????(????)????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ???????? ? ?? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????. ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?-i ????-?? ????? ??? ?????.?????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??-i ????-?? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????.

?????

?????? ?? ????? ????-?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?:??:??-?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????. (??????????km? ???? ??.??) ?? ????????????? ??? ??? ? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????????. ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????-?? ??? ????????? ??-i ? ?????? ????? ???? ????-?? ??? ???????? ?????????????. ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????. ?????? ?? ????? ????-?? ????? ??????? ????? ?.????? ????? ???????? ? ?? ????? ????-?? ????? ??????? ????? ?.????? ????? ????????.

?????? ????????????

?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????. ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????????. ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????????.

???? ???? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????

???? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ???? ????-?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? (??? ????????????) ????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ????????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????. ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ??????? ????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????.

???????? ???? ?-?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????.????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????. ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?-?? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????. ???????? V ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????. ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????? "???? ???????" (火星) ???????? ??????????????.

XVII ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????.?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????-??? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????. ?? ???? ???? ????-?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ???????. ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????-?? ????? ???????? ???????. ????-?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?? ?????????.

???? ?????????

??-?? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ???????? ???????????? ? ??????? ????-?? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????. ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? (??????) ??????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????. ?????? ????? - ?????? "????????" ? ?? "?????? ??? ????????" ???????? ???????.

????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????-?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ???? ????? ? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?????. ???????? (??????) ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????.< ??????? ???????????? (??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ??? ????????????? ??????????) ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????. ????-?? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????.

??? ????-?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ???????. ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????.

?????? ??????? ??????

????-?? ? ????-?? ??????? ????-??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????.

?????? ? ? ?????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????-?? ????? ?????????? ? ????-?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????. ?? ???????? ???-??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????.

????????

???? ??? ???????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????????. ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ? ???????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? (????) ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????.

???? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ???-???????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ???? ???? ???-???? "????? ?????????"? "???? ?????" ? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? "????? ???????? ?????????"?? ????????????????.

?????????

??????? ???? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??-?? ????? ??????????? ????????. ??????????????? "????????"? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????.

????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ? ??????????? "???? ???????"?? ????? ???????. ????-?? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????. ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????. ????-?? ????? ?????? ???? ???:

??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????. ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????-??????????. ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ????-?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????????. ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? "??????" ?? ?????: "???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ???-?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ????????.

????-?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????. (???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????.) ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????. ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ???????. ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????. ??????? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ???????????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????. ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ????? ????????????.

??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????

???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? "?????????" ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????-???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????. "????????" ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????? "?????????" ? "??????? ???" ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ???? ????? ?????: ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????.

?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ? ??-?? ??? ???? ????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????. ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????-?? ????? ??? ?????? "?????????? ??????" ?? ???. ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????????? - "?????????? ??????" ?? ??????? ????-?? ????? ???????????. ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??????.

???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? "???? ??????????"? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?.?. ?????? ?????? ?????? "????? ??????? ??????" (????) ? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????.

??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??-?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???????(????)??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????.

?????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????. ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ????? "??????? ???" ? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????-???? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ????.

??????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????????? "?? ???? ???????" ????????? (????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????????) ? ???????? ?????? "???????-?"-?? ???? ?????????. ?? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????. ???? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????.

??????

?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???: ????? (??????? ??????? ??km) ? ????? (??????? ??????? ??km). ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????(????)???? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ???? ??? ????-?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? (??????/??????) ? ????? (????/??????) ????????????? ???????? ????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? (????: ?ρη?) ????????. ?????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ???????(????)??? ( ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????) ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????-????? ??????. ??????? ?? ???????? ???????(????)??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?.? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????-????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ?????.

??????? ??????? ??(????) ??????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????(????)??? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????.

?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????. ????????? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ?? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????. ??????? ????-???? ??????? ??(????) ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????. ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????(????)??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????. ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.

??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ? ???? ???????(????)???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????. ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????-????????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????.

?????? ???????? ??-??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ? ????? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????.

?????????

??????

???????????

????? ???

?????? ???????

?????????

?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???? ????? ?? ??? ?lower-alpha? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? <references group="lower-alpha"/> ???? ???.

^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? meanplane ???? ???? ???
^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? VSOP87 ???? ???? ???
^ ^??? ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Seidelmann2007 ???? ???? ???
^ Grego, Peter (June 6, 2012). Mars and How to Observe It. Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 9781461423027 – via Google Books.
^ ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? lodders1998 ???? ???? ???
^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? konopliv2011 ???? ???? ???
^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Folkner1997 ???? ???? ???
^ ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? nssdc ???? ???? ???
^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? MallamaMars ???? ???? ???
^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? MallamaSky ???? ???? ???
^ ^???? ^???? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? cold ???? ???? ???
^ ^???? ^???? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? hot ???? ???? ???
^ ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? barlow08 ???? ???? ???

[meanplane-2] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? meanplane ???? ???? ???

[VSOP87-3] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? VSOP87 ???? ???? ???

[Seidelmann2007-5] ??? ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Seidelmann2007 ???? ???? ???

[6] Grego, Peter (June 6, 2012). Mars and How to Observe It. Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 9781461423027 – via Google Books.

[lodders1998-7] ??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? lodders1998 ???? ???? ???

[konopliv2011-8] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? konopliv2011 ???? ???? ???

[Folkner1997-9] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Folkner1997 ???? ???? ???

[nssdc-10] ??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? nssdc ???? ???? ???

[MallamaMars-11] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? MallamaMars ???? ???? ???

[MallamaSky-12] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? MallamaSky ???? ???? ???

[cold-13] ???? ^???? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? cold ???? ???? ???

[hot-14] ???? ^???? ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? hot ???? ???? ???

[barlow08-15] ?????? ????? ????? <ref> ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? barlow08 ???? ???? ???

[a]

[?]

[?]

[b]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

? ??? ???? ???? ?????
????? ? ?????	???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????
??????? ? ????????	?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????
?????????? ???????????? ? ???????	??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????
??????????? ? ??????????	???? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? Johannes Brahms ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? Giacomo Puccini ????? ?????? Franz Schubert Igor Stravinsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ?? ????? (???????) Giuseppe Verdi Antonio Vivaldi ???????? ???????? Richard Wagner Edqar Varez Olivye de Messian ???????? Georges Auric Lui Dyurey Artur Onegger Darius Miyo Francis Poulenc Jermena Tayeferr
???????????? ? ???????	???? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? Zheng He
???????? ???????????? ????????????	???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? Galen ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???
????????? ? ??????????	????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? Chanakya ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ??? ????? ???????? ???? John Maynard Keynes ???? ?? John Locke Niccolò Machiavelli ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? Sima Qian ???? ????? Socrates ???? ???? ??? Ludwig Wittgenstein Zhu Xi
????? ???????	???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? David Ben-Gurion ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? (????????) ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? Joan of Arc ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???? Rosa Luxemburg ????? ?????? Mao Zedong Jawaharlal Nehru Kwame Nkrumah ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? Sun Yat-sen ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????
??? ????????	??????? ??????? Thomas Aquinas Augustine of Hippo ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????
?????	????? ??????? ???????? ????????? Epistemology ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????
???	???? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??
??????	?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????
?????	????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????
????-?????? ?????	???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????
????????????? ??????????	?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? International Court of Justice ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????
??? ? ??????	??? ?????: ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? Hangul ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? Gendzi haqq?nda povest ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????
?????????	????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? Universe
??????? ? ???????	????? ????? Bioloji materiallar ???????? ????? ??????? Botany ????? ???????? ???????? Endangered species Domestication ??????? Bioloji sistematika Species Metabolism ??? ?????? ????????? Respiratory system Evolution ??????? (?????) ?????????? Gender ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? Endokrin sistemi ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? Muscle ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? Reproduktiv sistem ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? Medicine Z?r?rli v?rdi?l?r Altshaymer X?st?liyi ????? Cholera ????????? Dentistry Disability Korluq Hearing loss ?????????? ??????? (????????) ???? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? Nicotiana tabacum ?????????? ??? ??????? Myocardial infarction ??????? Pis qidalanma Obesity Pandemic ???????????? Benzilpenisillin Pneumonia Poliomyelitis Sexually transmitted infection ???? Stroke Tuberculosis ????? ????? ????????? Chickenpox
?????????	????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ????-?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????? Columba (genus) ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? Cetacea ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? A?ac Protist
????	???? ???????? ?????? ????? Base (chemistry) Salt (chemistry) ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????/???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????????? Hormone Lipid ??????
?????? ? ???????	?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? Plate tectonics Da? süxuru ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? BM-30 Smerch Tropical cyclone ????
?????	????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? Classical electromagnetism ??????? ??????? ??? ????? Length (disambiguation) ????????? Mass (disambiguation) Metal Khachardzan Nuclear fission State of matter Gas ???? ?????? ??? ???? Quantum mechanics Radioactive decay ???????? ???????? Special relativity ??????????? Sound Speed ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? Measurement Joule Kelvin ???????? ???? ???? Newton (unit) ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???
??????	????? ????? ????? Go (game) ????? ??-??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? Rugby football ???? ????????
?????? ????????	????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? Reformation ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? Apartheid ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????? Cultural Revolution ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? Meiji period ??????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????
????????	?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????
????????? ????????	?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????
????????	?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????
?????	???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????
?????? ???????	?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????
??????? ?????	??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????

吃什么回奶最快最有效	打嗝挂什么科	凌晨属于什么时辰	甲胎蛋白什么意思	泌乳素过高女性会出现什么症状
73岁属什么	子宫前位和子宫后位有什么区别	1994属什么生肖	生抽可以用什么代替	双顶径和头围有什么区别
凤梨和菠萝的区别是什么	叶酸片有什么作用	唐人是什么意思	做病理意味着什么	什么叫打板
心如止水是什么意思	李白字什么	孕晚期血糖高对胎儿有什么影响	70年出生属什么生肖	为什么今年夏天特别热

bun什么意思hcv8jop9ns0r.cn	火龙果有什么好处cj623037.com	什么的舞台hcv8jop3ns1r.cn	手肿是什么病的前兆hcv8jop9ns3r.cn	沐什么意思hcv8jop0ns0r.cn
宬字五行属什么travellingsim.com	尖锐湿疣什么症状yanzhenzixun.com	经常失眠是什么原因baiqunet.com	上嘴角有痣代表什么hcv9jop3ns3r.cn	做生意的人最忌讳什么hcv8jop9ns8r.cn
心脏支架最怕什么hcv8jop0ns4r.cn	为什么一热就头疼hcv8jop9ns7r.cn	什么叫比例hcv8jop9ns7r.cn	闲暇的意思是什么hcv9jop7ns5r.cn	食言是什么意思hcv8jop5ns1r.cn
前白蛋白低是什么意思hcv9jop3ns5r.cn	颈部有肿块挂什么科hcv7jop7ns0r.cn	忏悔什么意思hcv8jop6ns6r.cn	无间是什么意思hcv8jop1ns1r.cn	八项药是什么药imcecn.com