全国"扫黄打非"办公布五起假冒记者诈骗或敲诈勒索案
????? ?????? (????? ????? ???: ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?. ?????????? ????? - ??. ?? ????????? ??????) — ?????? ???????? ???????????? ? ????????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? XIV-??? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ? ?????????.
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|---|---|
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| ??? | Islam |
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| ???? ?????(???) | ??????? Sociology Economics Demography Political science |
| ??????? ?????(??) | Cyclical theory of Empires, Asabiyyah, Economic Growth Theory,[?] Supply and Demand Theory[?] |
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[????????]- ^ IBN KHALDUN - His Life and Work. ???????????25 February 2017.
- ^ Ahmad, Zaid (2010). "Ibn Khaldun". In Oliver Leaman (ed.). The Biographical Encyclopaedia of Islamic Philosophy. Continuum.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter|subscription=ignored (|url-access=suggested) (????) - ^ Doniger, Wendy (1999). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. Merriam-Webstar Inc. p. 82. ISBN 0-87779-044-2.
- ^ ?????? ????? ?????
<ref>???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???Muqaddimah 2 1995 p 30???? ???? ??? - ^ Weiss 1995, s?h. 31 quotes Muqaddimah 2:276–78
- ^ In al-Muqaddima Ibn Khaldun cites him as a pioneer in sociology
- ^ ? Joseph J. Spengler (1964). "Economic Thought of Islam: Ibn Khaldun", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 6(3), pp. 268-306.
? Jean David C. Boulakia (1971). "Ibn Khald?n: A Fourteenth-Century Economist", Journal of Political Economy, 79(5), pp. 1105-1118.